Legal Status of Third Gender in India with Special Reference to Kanpur Division

Liberty, equality, and fraternity, which have been provided by the Constitution to the people of India, are the main goals of social, economic, and political justice. The main purpose of 'justice' is to establish harmony between individual interests and social interests.1 Despite this, there is a section of society that was forced to be deprived of the right to equality due to its unclear gender and sexual identity, but on 15 April The “NALSA Verdict” given by the Supreme Court in 2014 was a landmark judgment for the status of the third gender community and for giving them a clear identity. All the fundamental rights given under the Indian Constitution apply equally to the third gender and provides a clear identity to the third gender community. Through this research paper, along with the legal status of the third gender, the social status has to be observed

Transient Analysis of Photonic Networks

The behavior of slotted aloha protocol for a star-coupled Wavelength Division Multiple Access (WDMA) photonic network is studied. Semi-markov process is used for developing the steady state and transient models for the protocol. The performance of the network is evaluated in terms of various measures viz. average number of packets in the network, throughput of the network and average packet delay etc. The analytical models are validated by evaluating the numerical values of the performance indices, which are further compared by using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) approach. Keywords:Photonic networks, Slotted aloha, Semi-markov process, Neuro-fuzzy systems, Throughput.

Adaptive batching scheme for multicast near video-on-demand (nvod) system

Video-on-Demand is becoming most sought after multimedia applications. It is difficult to attain a true video-on-demand (TVOD) system, so near video-on-demand (NVOD) is catching the attention of people. In NVOD, requests are multicast in different streams. Important issue in this system is the choice of batching time. Traditionally the batching time is fixed depending on the number of requests. In this paper we have suggested an adaptive batching scheme (ABS) where batching time is adjusted according to the current arrival rate, which follows the hyper-exponential distribution pattern. A comparison is made between the fixed and adaptive batching schemes. Numerical illustrations are provided to show that adaptive batching policy is better than fixed batching policy for optimizing bandwidth requirements

Iterative improved learning algorithm for petrographic image classification accuracy enhancement

Rock image classification using image processing has been practiced to assist trained geologists in decision making. However, the study of microstructures of rocks and their use in geological investigations offer challenges in the areas of Image processing and Pattern Classification due to the stochastic nature of the mineral textures that is revealed at the microscopic level. Locally relevant Igneous Rock Microstructure images were classified from Volcanic and Plutonic Rock subtypes. The imaging method used mineral grain size as the key physical feature of classification. Three algorithms, namely Radial Basis Function (RBF) Support Vector Machine classifier; Improved (RBF) Support Vector Machine classifier; and AdaBoost algorithm with Improved RBF Support Vector Machine algorithm as base classifier, were used as a base classifier in a novel ‘Iterative Improved Learning (IIL)’ approach. Implementing the IIL approach in the chosen algorithm resulted in accurately classified images that were added to the training set to enhance the ‘breadth and depth’ of the learning knowledge. The algorithm iterated through all available classifier approaches and compared the inter-classifier performance and knowledge of the misclassified images accumulated during the execution of all algorithms

E-learning by Time Dynamic Model Using Data Mining

The object of this paper is to build up Just in Time Dynamic Learner Models to analyze learners' behaviors and to evaluate learners' performance in online education systems by using rich data collected from e-learning systems. The goal is to create metrics to measure learners' characteristics from usage data. To achieve this goal we need to use data mining methods, especially clustering algorithms, to second patterns from which metrics can be derived from usage data. In this paper, we propose a six layer models(raw data layer, fact data layer, data mining layer, measurement layer, metrics layer and pedagogical application layer) to create a just in time learner model which draws inferences from usage data. In this approach, we collect raw data from online systems, latter fact data from raw data, and then use clustering mining methods to create measurements and metrics

DEVELOPMENT OF CLARITHROMYCIN GASTRORETENTIVE MICROSPHERES

Gastroretentive microspheres of clarithromycin were prepared on the principle of cation induced gelification using sodium alginate and pectin. These microspheres were investigated for micromeritic properties, drug entrapment, mucoadhesion and drug release properties. Microspheres were found to be discrete, spherical and free flowing. Microspheres were found to adhere to gastric mucosa with high affinity and showed controlled drug release

Review on Colour Image Denoising using Wavelet Soft Thresholding Technique

In this modern age of communication the image and video is important as Visual information transmitted in the form of digital images, but after the transmission image is often ruined with noise. Therefore the received image needs to be processing before it can be used for further applications. Image denoising implicates the manipulation of the image data to produce a high quality of image without any noise. Most of the work which had done in color scale image is by filter domain approach, but we think that the transform domain approach give great result in the field of color image denoising.. This paper reviews the several types of noise which corrupted the color image and also the existing denoising algorithms based on wavelet threshodling technique. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15039

Formulation Development and Evaluation of Emulgel of Clindamycin Phosphate for Effective Treatment of Acne

Emulgel have emerged as one of the most interesting topical delivery system as it has dual release control system i.e. gel and emulsion. The topical applications of the drug offers the potential advantages of delivering the drug directly to the site of action and delivering the drug for extended period of time at the effected site that mainly acts at the related regions. The major objective behind this formulation is enhancing the topical delivery of hydrophobic drug (clindamycin phosphate) by formulating clindamycin phosphate emulgel using carbopol 941 as a gelling agent. In addition, light liquid paraffin as oil, tween-20 and span-20 as emulsifiers and propylene glycol as co-surfactant were selected for preparation of emulgel. Clindamycin phosphate is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of infections. It is of the lincosamide class. Clindamycin phosphate is a semi synthetic lincosamide antibiotic that has largely replaced lincomycin due to an improved side effect profile. Clindamycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to bacterial 50S ribosomal subunits. Topical clindamycin phosphate reduces free fatty acid concentrations on the skin and suppresses the growth of Propionibacterium acnes (Corynebacterium acnes), an anaerobe found in sebaceous glands and follicles.  The prepared emulgel were evaluated for their physical appearance, pH determination, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, in vitro drug release, anti acne activity and stability. All the prepared emulgel showed acceptable physical properties, homogeneity, consistency, spreadability, viscosity and pH value. The best formulation F4 showed better antiacne activity when compared with all formulation. Keywords: Emulgel, Clindamycin phosphate, Extrudability, Spreadability, Antiacne activit

Maternal near miss: a surrogate indicator of obstetrics care

Background: A maternal near miss (MNM) is an event in which a pregnant woman is on the verge of dying but doesn't die. Despite the fact that most maternal deaths can be avoided, efforts to reduce maternal mortality have not always been successful. This study aimed to identify and analyze the frequency of maternal near-misses (MNMs) cases and causes of maternal near miss due to severe obstetric complications. Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi. The study duration was from January 2021-June 2022. Purposive sampling was used to collect the total of 2053 samples. Results: The study involved in total of 56 maternal near miss cases which includes total of ten maternal deaths. The majority of the respondents have more than 20 years of the age (82.1%) where near miss cases were higher in multiparous women (73.2%). First delays (delay in women seeking help) were almost a third in numbers to affect the maternal mortality and morbidity. Hypertension (32%). hemorrhage (20%) and anemia (14%) were the major leading cause of obstetrical complications. About 66% of the maternal near miss cases needed the interventional management that was ICU admission, mechanical ventilation (41.1%) and blood transfusion (32.1%). Conclusions: Pregnancy hypertension, postpartum hemorrhage, and severe anemia continue to be important determinants of maternal morbidity. First-referral unit facilities and training should be improved so that they can better respond to basic obstetric emergencies such as hypertension, anemia and hemorrhage